역사
표준 (10M bps), 고속 (100Mbps), 기가(1Gpbs), 10기가(10Gpbs)
여기에서는 표준 이데넷을 기준으로 소개
CSMA/CD(Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection)
망을 같이 사용하는 특징으로 충돌을 회피하기 위한 방법에 관한 규정
충돌을 방지하기 위해 최소 프레임 길이를 64바이트로 정의하였음(loop back은 관계없음)
표준 이더넷에서 1bit를 전송하는 최대 전파 시간은 25.6 마이크로 초이다.
따라서 1비트를 전송 및 수신하는데 걸리는 시간은 52.6 마이크로 초이다.
그리고 표준 이더넷은 10Mbps(10000000 bit per seccond)이다.
10000000 bit/sec X 52.6 마이크로 초 = 512bit = 64byte
참고로 전이중 모드는 충돌이 없어서 CSMA/CD를 이용하지 않고 반이중 모드에서만 사용한다.
프로토콜 스택
| dest MAC(6 bytes) | src MAC(6 bytes) | type(2 bytes) |
MAC
IEEE에서는 데이터 링크 계층에 LLC(Logical Link Contorl, 논리적 연결 제어)와 MAC(Medium Access Control, 매체 접근 제어)로 구분하여 여러 종류의 물리계층을 표현할 수 있게 하였다.
여기에서는 MAC부터 다를 것이다.
MAC 주소의 마지막 값이 홀수는 유니캐스트이고 짝수는 멀티 캐스트를 나타낸다.
모든 비트가 1이면 브로드캐스트이다.
type
@ 0000-05DC IEEE802.3 Length Field (0.:1500.)
+ 0101-01FF Experimental
0200 Xerox PUP (conflicts with 802.3 Length Field range) (see 0A00)
0201 Xerox PUP Address Translation (conflicts ...) (see 0A01)
0400 Nixdorf (conflicts with 802.3 Length Field)
+* 0600 Xerox NS IDP
0601 XNS Address Translation (3Mb only)
+* 0800 DOD Internet Protocol (IP)
+ 0801 X.75 Internet
+ 0802 NBS Internet
+ 0803 ECMA Internet
+ 0804 CHAOSnet
+ 0805 X.25 Level 3
+* 0806 Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) (for IP and for CHAOS)
0807 XNS Compatibility
081C Symbolics Private
+ 0888-088A Xyplex
0900 Ungermann-Bass network debugger
0A00 Xerox IEEE802.3 PUP
0A01 Xerox IEEE802.3 PUP Address Translation
0BAD Banyan Systems
0BAF Banyon VINES Echo
1000 Berkeley Trailer negotiation
1001-100F Berkeley Trailer encapsulation for IP
1234 DCA - Multicast
* 1600 VALID system protocol
1989 Artificial Horizons ("Aviator" dogfight simulator [on Sun])
1995 Datapoint Corporation (RCL lan protocol)
3C00 3Com NBP virtual circuit datagram (like XNS SPP) not registered
3C01 3Com NBP System control datagram not registered
3C02 3Com NBP Connect request (virtual cct) not registered
3C03 3Com NBP Connect repsonse not registered
3C04 3Com NBP Connect complete not registered
3C05 3Com NBP Close request (virtual cct) not registered
3C06 3Com NBP Close response not registered
3C07 3Com NBP Datagram (like XNS IDP) not registered
3C08 3Com NBP Datagram broadcast not registered
3C09 3Com NBP Claim NetBIOS name not registered
3C0A 3Com NBP Delete Netbios name not registered
3C0B 3Com NBP Remote adaptor status request not registered
3C0C 3Com NBP Remote adaptor response not registered
3C0D 3Com NBP Reset not registered
4242 PCS Basic Block Protocol
424C Information Modes Little Big LAN diagnostic
4321 THD - Diddle
4C42 Information Modes Little Big LAN
% 5208 BBN Simnet Private
6000 DEC unassigned, experimental
6001 DEC Maintenance Operation Protocol (MOP) Dump/Load Assistance
6002 DEC Maintenance Operation Protocol (MOP) Remote Console
6003 DECNET Phase IV, DNA Routing
6004 DEC Local Area Transport (LAT)
6005 DEC diagnostic protocol (at interface initialization?)
6006 DEC customer protocol
6007 DEC Local Area VAX Cluster (LAVC), System Communication Architecture (SCA)
6008 DEC AMBER
6009 DEC MUMPS
+ 6010-6014 3Com Corporation
7000 Ungermann-Bass download
7001 Ungermann-Bass NIUs
7002 Ungermann-Bass diagnostic/loopback
7003 Ungermann-Bass ??? (NMC to/from UB Bridge)
7005 Ungermann-Bass Bridge Spanning Tree
7007 OS/9 Microware
7009 OS/9 Net?
+ 7020-7029 LRT (England) (now Sintrom)
7030 Racal-Interlan
7031 Prime NTS (Network Terminal Service)
7034 Cabletron
8003 Cronus VLN
8004 Cronus Direct
8005 HP Probe protocol
+ 8006 Nestar
+ 8008 AT&T/Stanford Univ. Local use
8010 Excelan
+ 8013 Silicon Graphics diagnostic
+ 8014 Silicon Graphics network games
+ 8015 Silicon Graphics reserved
+ 8016 Silicon Graphics XNS NameServer, bounce server
+ 8019 Apollo DOMAIN
+ 802E Tymshare
+ 802F Tigan, Inc.
+ 8035 Reverse Address Resolution Protocol (RARP)
+ 8036 Aeonic Systems
8037 IPX (Novell Netware?)
8038 DEC LanBridge Management
8039 DEC DSM/DDP
803A DEC Argonaut Console
803B DEC VAXELN
803C DEC DNS Naming Service
803D DEC Ethernet CSMA/CD Encryption Protocol
803E DEC Distributed Time Service
803F DEC LAN Traffic Monitor Protocol
8040 DEC PATHWORKS DECnet NETBIOS Emulation
8041 DEC Local Area System Transport
8042 DEC unassigned
+ 8044 Planning Research Corp.
+ 8046 AT&T
+ 8047 AT&T
8048 DEC Availability Manager for Distributed Systems DECamds (but someone at DEC says not)
+ 8049 ExperData
+ 805B VMTP (Versatile Message Transaction Protocol, RFC-1045) (Stanford) [was Stanford V Kernel, experimental]
+ 805C Stanford V Kernel, version 6.0
+ 805D Evans & Sutherland
+ 8060 Little Machines
+ 8062 Counterpoint Computers
+ 8065 University of Mass. at Amherst
+ 8066 University of Mass. at Amherst
+ 8067 Veeco Integrated Automation
+ 8068 General Dynamics
+ 8069 AT&T
+ 806A Autophon
+ 806C ComDesign
+ 806D Compugraphic Corporation
+ 806E-8077 Landmark Graphics Corporation
+ 807A Matra
+ 807B Dansk Data Elektronik
+ 807C Merit Internodal (or Univ of Michigan?)
+ 807D-807F Vitalink Communications
+ 8080 Vitalink TransLAN III Management
+ 8081-8083 Counterpoint Computers
8088-808A Xyplex
+ 809B EtherTalk (AppleTalk over Ethernet)
+ 809C-809E Datability
+ 809F Spider Systems Ltd.
+ 80A3 Nixdorf Computers
+ 80A4-80B3 Siemens Gammasonics Inc.
+ 80C0-80C3 DCA (Digital Comm. Assoc.) Data Exchange Cluster
+ 80C6 Pacer Software
+ 80C7 Applitek Corporation
+ 80C8-80CC Intergraph Corporation
+ 80CD-80CE Harris Corporation
+ 80CF-80D2 Taylor Instrument
+ 80D3-80D4 Rosemount Corporation
80D5 IBM SNA Services over Ethernet
+ 80DD Varian Associates
+ 80DE-80DF TRFS (Integrated Solutions Transparent Remote File System)
+ 80E0-80E3 Allen-Bradley
+ 80E4-80F0 Datability
+ 80F2 Retix
+ 80F3 AppleTalk Address Resolution Protocol (AARP)
+ 80F4-80F5 Kinetics
+ 80F7 Apollo Computer
+ 80FF-8101 Wellfleet Communications
+ 8102 Wellfleet; BOFL (Breath OF Life) pkts [every 5-10 secs.]
+ 8103 Wellfleet Communications
8107-8109 Symbolics Private
812B Talaris
+ 8130 Waterloo Microsystems Inc.
+ 8131 VG Laboratory Systems
+ 8137 Novell (old) NetWare IPX (ECONFIG E option)
+ 8138 Novell, Inc.
+ 8139-813D KTI
813F M/MUMPS data sharing
8145 Vrije Universiteit (NL) Amoeba 4 RPC (obsolete)
8146 Vrije Universiteit (NL) FLIP (Fast Local Internet Protocol)
8147 Vrije Universiteit (NL) [reserved]
814C SNMP over Ethernet (see RFC1089)
814F Technically Elite Concepts Network Professor
8191 PowerLAN NetBIOS/NetBEUI (PC)
817D XTP
81D6 Artisoft Lantastic
81D7 Artisoft Lantastic
8203-8205 QNX Software Systems Ltd.
8390 Accton Technologies (unregistered)
852B Talaris multicast
8582 Kalpana
86DD IP version 6
8739 Control Technology Inc. RDP Without IP
873A Control Technology Inc. Mcast Industrial Ctrl Proto.
873B Control Technology Inc. Proprietary
873C Control Technology Inc. Proprietary
8820 Hitachi Cable (Optoelectronic Systems Laboratory)
8856 Axis Communications AB proprietary bootstrap/config
8888 HP LanProbe test?
+ 9000 Loopback (Configuration Test Protocol)
9001 3Com (Formerly Bridge Communications), XNS Systems Management
9002 3Com (Formerly Bridge Communications), TCP/IP Systems Management
9003 3Com (Formerly Bridge Communications), loopback detection
AAAA DECNET? Used by VAX 6220 DEBNI
FAF5 Sonix Arpeggio
% FF00 BBN VITAL-LanBridge cache wakeups
참고 사이트: http://www.cavebear.com/archive/cavebear/Ethernet/type.html
좀 더 자세한 자료를 원하면 http://www.cavebear.com/ 사이트를 방문하자.
위 사이트는 ethernet에 관한 다양한 연구 자료를 제공하는 Karl Auerbach(CaveBear)의 것이다.